A visual explainer

How the Nobel Prize became a team sport

The first Nobel Prizes of 1901 were, with rare exception, solo affairs. A century later the science medals are crowded with collaborators, and a sixth category has joined the original five. This page reads the frozen record two ways — prizes awarded and laureates honoured — across thirteen decades and six categories, one dot at a time.

Self-contained page Frozen CSV · 2026-06-01 Source: NobelPrize.org API 13 decades × 6 categories
01

The shape of the prize, decade by decade

Each tile is one category in one decade: the large figure counts laureates — one dot each — and the small figure counts prizes. Scan down a column to watch a category fill up; scan across to see the year’s spread. Economics3 arrives only in the 1960s, the 1900s open with the first awards of 19011, and the hatched 2020s row is a work in progress2.

Dots show

Hover or focus a tile for detail.

* Peak tile: Physics in the 2000s — 28 laureates on 10 prizes.  † The 1900s span 1901–1909 (nine award years); the 2020s row covers 2020–2025 only.  ° Economic Sciences established 1968, first awarded 1969 — hence a single prize in its first decade.

02

Sharing becomes the norm

Divide laureates by prizes and a quiet revolution appears. In the 1900s the typical prize went to 1.3 people; by the 2000s it went to 2.1. The sciences climb steadily toward the three-laureate ceiling4, Economics starts mid-journey (its first prize, in 1969, was already shared), and Literature — the last refuge of the solitary genius — never strays from one.

Laureates per prize, by award decade. Ceiling of 3.0 = a prize shared by three laureates. Open points mark the partial 2020s.

03

Every laureate, one square

The whole frozen set at full resolution: 1,026 squares, grouped by decade and coloured by category. The 1940s thin out; the 1970s onward run long and blue-green; the hatched final row is only six award years deep.

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Notes & definitions

  1. 01Decades are grouped by award year. Because the first prizes were awarded in 1901, the “1900s” contain nine award years (1901–1909) — visible as nine prizes per category.
  2. 02The 2020s row covers six award years (2020–2025) and is shown hatched throughout; it is excluded from peak and trend comparisons where noted.
  3. 03The Prize in Economic Sciences was established in 1968 by Sveriges Riksbank and first awarded in 1969 — shared by two laureates — so its column opens with a single prize in the 1960s.
  4. 04A prize may be shared by at most three laureates. “Laureates” counts individuals and organisations exactly as recorded in the source; a laureate honoured twice would count twice.
  5. 05All figures describe this frozen subset only, not the live database. No data beyond the supplied CSV is used anywhere on this page.